Pope speaks to his friend Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, after a double blow: the sudden death of their beloved poet Parnell, and Harley’s own humiliating exit from political power. The opening lines ache with personal loss, remembering Parnell’s gentle arts and the private world of wit the three men shared, far from the flattery and absurdity of court life. You can feel the speaker’s effort to hold onto affection when everything else has crumbled.
Then the poem turns to a quieter, steady defiance. Pope imagines the Muse following Harley not into palaces but into exile, shading his evening walk with laurels that mean more because they’re freely given. She isn’t a hired praiser who flees when influence dries up; she stays to trace a brave man’s final steps and dignify disgrace. The mood becomes almost serene—a sunset calm that sees through Fortune’s illusions. In this light, Harley’s downfall isn’t defeat but a revelation of integrity, and the poem leaves him strangely exalted, still dear, still attended, still whole.