An Etymology of Emotions — Poem analysis

Balachandran VKottayam 07.04.2006Sad

Jilt, spurn, thwart or ditch A tilt, a twist, a sense of falling overboard A sense of the world turning upside down A sense of hanging on a tree like a bat. Stunned – a sense of impact As if hit full on the face Shattered- and you hear the crashing glass The blast of the blowtorch – devastated. In the lonely evenings all you can do Is to bend down and look bewildered At your world lying in smithereens And listen to the silent screams Of your heart.

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Before the pain arrives, the poem hands us a thesaurus entry: jilt, spurn, thwart, ditch. These four verbs are four ways of being let down, ranging from the formal ring of "spurn" to the breezy slang of "ditch". The list is a clever opening move, because it treats heartbreak as a matter of vocabulary, something that can be looked up and filed. The remaining twelve lines then show how little a word can hold. The subject is the aftermath of rejection, and the central idea is that the names we give such feelings are only a surface. Underneath lies a physical collapse that ends somewhere beyond language. The poem is tagged with Kottayam and a 2006 date, but nothing in the lines points to a particular person or event. That suits it, since the "you" it addresses could be anyone.

The form is free verse, with no regular rhyme, no fixed metre and lines of uneven length. Repetition and sequence hold it together. "A sense of" returns four times, like someone fumbling to describe what they cannot quite pin down: falling overboard, the world upside down, hanging like a bat, impact. The order of the senses matters too. First comes balance, the dizzy "tilt" and "twist". Then comes touch, being "hit full on the face", then sound, the "crashing glass" and the blast. Then comes sight, as the speaker looks down at the wreckage, and finally a sound again, one that cannot be heard. The body is taken apart sense by sense. There is quiet sound-work as well: "jilt" and "tilt" chime across the first two lines, as if the rejection and the lurch were a single movement.

The images refuse to settle in one setting. We move from a ship's deck to a tree, then to a punch, a shattering window and a blowtorch. This might look untidy, but it reads as disorientation, the mind grabbing at any picture that fits. The bat is the strangest of them. A bat hangs upside down by nature, so here it becomes a figure for someone helpless and inverted, and as a night creature it quietly prepares the way for "the lonely evenings". The blowtorch is the most surprising, because it adds heat to the glass and suggests something not merely broken but burned through. The consonants do their share of the work. The hard sounds of "crashing", "blast" and "blowtorch" land like the events they name, while the soft, heavy b's of "bend down and look bewildered" slow the line into a stooped, dazed posture.

The real turn comes at line nine. Everything before it is noise and motion, and after it the speaker is still. "All you can do" is the phrase of someone with no power left, and the actions it leads to are small: bend, look, listen. The world that was "turning upside down" now lies "in smithereens", and the closing image, "silent screams / Of your heart", is an oxymoron that lets the poem finish in quiet after all the crashing. The line break leaves "Of your heart" alone as a short last line, which feels like breath running out.

All this brings us back to the title. An etymology traces a word to its roots, and some of these words really do carry violence in their history. "Devastated" comes from a Latin verb meaning to lay waste, and "stunned" is related to "astonish" and, further back, to thunder. The poem never says this outright, but its structure seems to suggest that emotion words begin as physical events, and that heartbreak makes us feel those events again.

What makes the poem worth reading is its restraint. It does not explain the betrayal or blame anyone. It shows that a familiar word like "devastated" contains an actual wreckage, and that once the wreckage is real, vocabulary falls silent. For a student, it is also a compact lesson in how word choice, repetition and the order of images can build a feeling without a single abstract explanation.

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