Floating World (Ukiyo) — Poem analysis

In the demimonde they say rules don’t apply; even the law of gravity has been suspended. You can laugh

from the bottom bounce of a check. You can float. Women are more than ornamental: their arts are art.

A sailor spots his ship’s figurehead on her way to a meeting of the board. The glass ceiling hasn’t been shattered

but turned into a floor: like sea ice, blue, translucent, prone to cracks and groans. It will hold your weight

until spring, when the old order returns with its dark fins and foreclosures, its strip poker, its house that always wins.

Nature conspires with nurture again and an infant, fresh from its watery Eden, screams like a gull for your breast.

Show the whole poemHide the poem

Learn Poems app

Try the Learn Poems app

Everything from the website trainer, and more: new exercises, voice recording and sharing, reminders, quick review.

Gravity is the first rule to go. In Dave Bonta's "Floating World (Ukiyo)", the demimonde is a place where "they say rules / don't apply", and that wry "they say" keeps the speaker at a distance from the promise. The title borrows a Japanese term linked to the pleasure districts of Edo-period Japan and the woodblock prints that celebrated them. It suggests delight, but also a world that drifts and does not last. The poem builds on that double sense and asks what happens when something weightless meets real weight.

The opening is playful. A bounced check becomes a pun, since a check can "bounce" just as a body in zero gravity might, and the line break lets the laugh hang in mid-air ("You can laugh") before its cause arrives in the next stanza. Then comes a flat, almost stubborn statement: "Women are more / than ornamental: their arts are art." The tautology sounds like an argument being won by repetition. Skill, not decoration, is the point.

Decoration is exactly what a ship's figurehead is, a carved woman fixed to the prow. When a sailor spots his figurehead "on her way to a meeting of the board", the ornament has stepped off the ship and into the boardroom. The next move is the poem's best. The cliché of the glass ceiling is turned into a floor, and the image then changes character: "like sea ice, / blue, translucent, prone to cracks / and groans." The ice is a surface you can stand on, but it floats over deep water, so it belongs to the same world as the title. It is lovely and a little frightening, and "groans" gives it a voice, as if it were complaining under the load. The promise is also dated. It "will hold your weight / until spring." Weight, the thing the demimonde claimed to suspend, comes back.

When the thaw arrives, it brings "the old order" with "dark fins and foreclosures". The fins suggest sharks, and pairing them with foreclosures makes predators of both the sea and the bank. The repeated "its" in "its strip poker, its house that always wins" works like a list of charges. The games of the demimonde turn out to be the games of the boardroom, played on tables rigged from the start. So the pleasure world and the corporate world are not opposites. They are the same casino with different lighting.

The last stanza swerves from economics to biology. "Nature conspires with nurture again" reworks a familiar debate in which the two terms are rivals, making them partners in a plot. The infant arrives "fresh from its watery Eden", and the womb becomes the original floating world, weightless and provided for. Birth is then the fall into gravity and hunger. The baby "screams like a gull", which pulls the sea imagery along and turns the child from a water creature into a seabird. Even the pronoun changes. Earlier, "you" meant anyone ("You can float"), but the last line narrows it to a single body: "for your breast." The poem does not say whether this is tenderness, a trap, or both, and judging by the tone it prefers to leave the question open.

The form helps this uncertain balance. The poem is six unrhymed tercets in free verse, written in a conversational voice that sounds like someone thinking aloud. The sentences keep spilling over the stanza breaks ("The glass ceiling hasn't been shattered / but turned into a floor"; "It will hold your weight / until spring"). The reader is held for a moment before the sense lands, which suits a poem about suspension. Small sound effects add texture without turning into a pattern: the soft "bottom bounce", the cold consonants of "blue, translucent, prone", the hard "cracks" and "groans".

What makes the poem worth reading is how much it fits into eighteen lines. Almost every phrase is borrowed from everyday talk (glass ceiling, house always wins, nature and nurture), yet the poem refreshes each one by drawing it into a single watery set of images. The result is both a celebration of freedoms women have won and a sober warning that such freedoms may be seasonal. Bodies and money keep their own claims, and the ice, however beautiful, is still ice.

Read also

More by Dave Bonta

All poems
ContemplativeDave Bonta

Painted Trillium

Trillium undulatum Painted lady, late riser, you rush out of the ground, get pollinated on the fly
ContemplativeDave Bonta

Initiation

Let him continue in the ground, he who is now dead, where all things hurry—
ContemplativeDave Bonta

In good light

On a maple’s pale bark, a zigzag ladder—old tooth-marks from a wandering snail? Green islands of moss