Trader — Poem analysis

Dave BontaCheerful

To China by ship we make the globe pay. Returned to my corn, I knock six times upon the ground.

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Five lines are enough here to cross an ocean and come back to a field. Dave Bonta's "Trader" moves from the scale of world commerce to the scale of one person's patch of ground, and the whole poem lives in the gap between the two. Its central idea seems to be that large-scale exploitation does not stay abstract. Whoever profits from it has to come home eventually, and home, in this poem, is a place that may need to be addressed with something like humility or unease.

The opening is brisk and almost businesslike. "To China by ship" has no verb. It reads like a line on a shipping manifest or a route on a map, and the preposition at the front sets the cargo moving before anyone is named. Then the pronoun arrives: "we make the globe pay." The "we" is worth noticing, because it spreads responsibility across a whole trading community, and possibly across the reader too. The phrase "make the globe pay" is a double-edged one. On the surface it is a boast about profit, since the world is made to yield returns. But "pay" also means suffer the cost, and with "globe" as its object, the sentence can be heard as a confession that the planet is the one footing the bill. The poem never says which reading is correct, and that ambiguity is a large part of its force.

Then comes the pivot, and the grammar shifts with it. "Returned to my corn" brings in a singular "I," a possessive "my," and a crop, all of them plain and close at hand. Compare "the globe" in line two with "my corn" in line three: the first is a distant, definite object to be worked on, the second a small, owned and tended thing. The sentence is also a participle phrase that attaches to the speaker, as if the return were something that happened to him, as if the trading voyage had simply deposited him back where he started.

The ending is the strangest part. "I knock six times / upon the ground." The gesture can be read in several ways, and the poem lets all of them stay open. It might be superstition, like knocking on wood to ward off the consequences of what "we" have just done. It might be a request, the way one knocks on a door to ask whether anyone is home or whether entry is allowed. It might be a test, since people knock on things to hear whether they are sound or hollow. Judging by the tone, the poem seems to want the ritual quality, an act that is half practical and half apologetic. The number six is oddly exact and goes unexplained, which makes the act feel private and rehearsed, a habit with its own rules. The poem also gives no answer. The ground is knocked on, and nothing comes back.

The sound of the poem supports this. The first three lines run five syllables each, a steady, even stride, like the confident arithmetic of trade. Then the lines contract to four syllables for "I knock six times" and "upon the ground." The shortening slows the poem down at the moment of the gesture. "I knock six times" is built almost entirely from heavy monosyllables, so reading it aloud, the stresses fall like knuckles on a surface. There is no rhyme, which suits a poem about an unanswered gesture; nothing chimes back at the end. But a quieter echo links "globe" in line two to "ground" in line five, both opening on a hard *g*. One is the earth imagined as a whole sphere to be exploited, the other is the earth as the actual soil underfoot, and the poem's journey is the distance between those two words.

The title adds one more twist. "Trader" names the speaker by his occupation, so the person kneeling at the field is the same one who made the globe pay. He cannot separate the cosmopolitan dealer from the farmer, and the knocking suggests he knows it.

What makes the poem worth reading is that it manages so much with so little. It compresses a whole economic system into a few words and then answers it with a small physical act. It does not lecture or accuse. It simply lets the reader watch someone come home and notice that the ground, unlike the market, does not say anything back.

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