The speaker seems to be turning away from hoarding and toward living. The poem is addressed to someone, perhaps a lover, perhaps a person or force the speaker is calling, and it opens with an invitation: "tell me to come." Then comes a striking instruction to hand "the key of the chest" to a surgeon. A locked chest usually holds valuables, so giving up the key suggests letting go of guarded wealth, though why a surgeon, someone who cuts and heals, is left open. Perhaps the wealth is being traded for care, or for the body's own vulnerability.
The title, "The gospel of wealth," makes the advice sound like a creed, but the wealth here looks more like pleasure than money: "Live plentifully and love good things." The last line is the sharpest. A "virginal thorn" piercing the rose reverses the usual picture and hints at desire and loss of innocence. The mood is eager, a little reckless, and both sensual and slightly dangerous.