Driven — Poem analysis

Dave BontaAnxious

I rule with red ink sum with orthodox hands

dinner after dinner at the office late

if we play we lose too much time

Show the whole poemHide the poem

Learn Poems app

Try the Learn Poems app

Everything from the website trainer, and more: new exercises, voice recording and sharing, reminders, quick review.

The speaker of "Driven" opens with a boast that sounds like a job description: "I rule with red ink." The verb is a neat trap. To rule is to govern, but it is also what you do to a page when you draw straight lines on it, as in a ledger. Red ink holds both sides of the bookkeeper's world, the pen that corrects and the colour of debt. In one short line the speaker is both king and clerk, commanding a kingdom of columns. The poem never says who the speaker is, and it doesn't need to, because the vocabulary of figures does the work.

The second line tightens the picture. "Sum" is an unusual verb, since we normally add things up rather than "sum" them, and its bluntness makes the action sound mechanical. A reader with a little Latin might also catch a faint echo of *sum*, "I am," as if the speaker's identity were just the total of the calculation. The poem doesn't insist on this, but it fits. Then come the "orthodox hands." Orthodox means faithful to accepted doctrine, so these hands do their sums by the book, with something close to religious obedience. Work has become a faith with its own rituals.

After the active verbs of the first couplet, the middle one drops verbs altogether: "dinner after dinner / at the office late." Nobody does anything here. The speaker has gone from ruling to merely being present, and the grammar shows it. Counting time in dinners rather than days is a clever choice, because the evening meal is the small event that normally separates work from home. The phrase echoes "day after day" and carries the same weariness, its repeated word making a rocking, monotonous rhythm. Then "late" is left stranded at the end of the stanza, as if tacked on after everything else, like the hour itself.

In the final couplet the voice changes from "I" to "we" and takes on the tone of a handed-down rule: "if we play we lose / too much time." Look at the line break. "If we play we lose" is a complete thought on its own, five plain monosyllables with the beat of a slogan, and it can be read in the language of games, as though leisure were a contest you might lose. Only in the next line does the loss turn out to be "too much time." Play is treated as a bad bet. Yet "too much" is never measured. How much is too much, and who decided? The speaker has absorbed the logic of the ledger so thoroughly that even free time counts as a cost. The shift to "we" is also worth pausing on. It could mean colleagues, a family, or a whole working culture. Whichever it is, the compulsion no longer belongs to one person.

The form supports all this. There is no punctuation and no capital letter, which gives the poem the flat, unemphatic tone of a memo jotted between tasks. The lines run five or six syllables and then shrink to three, so the poem runs out of room just as the speaker runs out of time. There is no end-rhyme, but sound still threads through it. The long "oo" of "rule" returns in "lose" and "too," tying the last couplet to the first, and the poem begins on "I" and ends on "time," as if the self were being spent on the thing it counts.

The title completes the irony. "Driven" can mean ambitious, but it can also mean pushed along, like cattle or a passenger in someone else's car. The person who claims to "rule" is, grammatically, the one being acted upon.

What makes the poem worth reading is how much it leaves unsaid. The speaker never admits to being unhappy, and the unhappiness sits in the gaps, in the missing verbs and the dinners that blur together. There is one more twist. A poem is itself a kind of play, a use of time with no profit. By being so brief, "Driven" obeys the speaker's rule and wastes nothing. By existing at all, it quietly breaks that rule and asks whether the time was really lost.

Read also

More by Dave Bonta

All poems
ContemplativeDave Bonta

Plea bargain

I hear half a beat of drum to serve time have half a hope in the meantime praise God
DreamyDave Bonta

Cibola 3

I awake in the dark and shake free of sheets & blankets, of down-filled quilt. The rituals of waking– the long, hot shower, the coffee–give
ContemplativeDave Bonta

In good light

On a maple’s pale bark, a zigzag ladder—old tooth-marks from a wandering snail? Green islands of moss