Bellwether — Poem analysis

Dave BontaAnxious

I could expect to age or boil over

a compass busy with the north napping in a riot

having been rescued from the dead I know no certainty

Show the whole poemHide the poem

Learn Poems app

Try the Learn Poems app

Everything from the website trainer, and more: new exercises, voice recording and sharing, reminders, quick review.

A bellwether is the sheep at the head of the flock, the one with a bell round its neck so the others know where to follow. The word has come to mean anyone or anything that signals where events are heading. Dave Bonta's six-line poem borrows that title and then fills itself with the opposite: a speaker who cannot predict, steer or be sure of anything.

The first couplet sounds like a calm forecast. "I could expect to age / or boil over." But "could" turns the forecast into a mere possibility, so even the speaker's expectations are shaky. The two futures on offer are also strikingly unlike. Ageing is slow, quiet and inevitable. To boil over is sudden, hot and messy, like a pot left on the stove or a temper finally lost. The word "or" never asks us to choose, which suggests the speaker cannot tell which to prepare for. A guide who offers "gradual decline or explosion" is not much of a leader, and the shortness of the line "or boil over" makes the second option snap in abruptly.

The middle couplet gives the poem's strangest image: "a compass busy with the north / napping in a riot." A compass is the classic tool of certainty, since its needle points the same way whatever happens around it. Here the compass is "busy with the north", as if north were a chore, and at the same time "napping". Working and sleeping are contradictory states, and the poem lets them sit side by side. The riot adds noise and disorder, so the one instrument meant to keep its head is dozing in the middle of the chaos. That could mean calm or negligence, and the poem doesn't say. The syntax adds to the unease. With no punctuation and no verb linking the compass to the speaker, "the north / napping in a riot" can also be read as north itself being asleep. Judging by the imagery, the compass stands for an inner sense of direction that has stopped being dependable.

The final couplet explains why: "having been rescued from the dead / I know no certainty." The sentence begins with a hanging phrase, so the cause arrives before we know what it causes. Resurrection language usually promises the ultimate certainty, but here being brought back leaves the speaker with less. The verb "rescued" belongs to lifeboats and fire crews rather than miracles, and it makes the speaker the passive object of someone else's action. The poem never says what the death was, whether literal or figurative, and that silence feels deliberate. Whatever happened, the speaker has crossed a line once and no longer trusts the ordinary signposts. There is also a small sound-joke in "know no". The two words are pronounced identically, so knowing and negation collapse into each other, and the line seems to cancel itself as it is spoken.

The form works the same way. The poem is three unrhymed couplets, lowercase after the opening "I", with no punctuation at all and no full stop at the end. Nothing is wrapped up. Line lengths shift without any settled pattern: six syllables, then four, then eight, then five, then eight, then six. The short, wobbling rhythm never builds the steady beat that would make the poem feel in control. Quiet sound-links do appear, though. The n of "north", "napping", "know" and "no" hums through the second half like a drowsy undertone, and it ends on the soft, trailing "certainty", a word that sounds less certain than its meaning.

What makes the poem worth reading is how much it does in six lines. It plays the ironic title against the content, and it refuses the comforting story that surviving something makes a person wiser or surer. It offers disorientation and leaves the reader to supply the missing events. The poem stays vague about what happened, and that is why it unsettles: because we cannot say what the speaker was rescued from, we feel how little they, or we, can be sure of.

Read also

More by Dave Bonta

All poems
ContemplativeDave Bonta

Plea bargain

I hear half a beat of drum to serve time have half a hope in the meantime praise God
DreamyDave Bonta

Cibola 3

I awake in the dark and shake free of sheets & blankets, of down-filled quilt. The rituals of waking– the long, hot shower, the coffee–give
ContemplativeDave Bonta

In good light

On a maple’s pale bark, a zigzag ladder—old tooth-marks from a wandering snail? Green islands of moss