No exit — Poem analysis

Dave BontaAnxious

the night is a garden in her perfect fear of us

who rave that everything must break while government continues

what will become of doing business with so busy a rust

Show the whole poemHide the poem

Learn Poems app

Try the Learn Poems app

Everything from the website trainer, and more: new exercises, voice recording and sharing, reminders, quick review.

Dave Bonta's "No exit" flips an old assumption in its first line. People are supposed to fear the night. Here the night is a garden, tended and quiet, and she is the one who is afraid: "in her perfect fear of us." The "us" turns out to be a noisy, destructive crowd, "who rave that everything must break," while "government continues" with no sign of being troubled. The poem ends on a question about "doing business" with something called "so busy a rust." Its central idea, as I read it, is that human activity (shouting, governing, trading) is moving through a world it is also wearing away, and that none of it offers a way out.

Everything depends on how the poem handles its small words. "Perfect" is the first one to notice. It can mean complete, as in total fear, but it also sounds almost admiring, as if the night's fear were the most sensible response to us. Giving the night a "her" makes her a living thing that can be frightened, and the garden image adds care and cultivation, something that can be trampled. The title suggests an enclosed space, and a garden is usually walled. Nothing in the text confirms it, but the walls are easy to imagine.

The second couplet sets two verbs against each other. "Rave" and "break" are violent, shouted words. "Continues" is flat and bureaucratic, a verb that suggests paperwork and routine. Putting them side by side makes a bleak joke: the people who announce that everything must break may be the very ones who ensure nothing changes. The poem doesn't say who is raving or what they want broken, and that vagueness is deliberate. The raving might be revolutionary, apocalyptic or simply careless. In every case the machinery carries on regardless.

The last couplet is the most inventive. "Business" and "busy" are close relatives (business literally means busyness), and Bonta lets that kinship show. "So busy a rust" is a strange phrase, because rust is a slow and silent process, yet here it is more industrious than any company. Corrosion becomes the real economy, working day and night while people argue. Asking "what will become of doing business" with it suggests that human commerce must now deal with a partner it cannot bargain with. Rust also turns up the poem's quiet sound pattern. Its short, dull "u" echoes "us" and "must," and the sound lingers in "continues." The words most to do with human will and the word for decay therefore share a sound, which hints that they share a fate.

The form supports all this. The poem is three unrhymed couplets in lowercase with no punctuation, not even a question mark after the final question. Without full stops the sentences have no firm edges, so the reader slides from one thought into the next and never gets the pause of an ending. That fits a title that says "No exit." The line lengths also suggest a frame. The first line ("the night is a garden") and the last ("with so busy a rust") each run to about six syllables, while the lines between them are longer and looser. The opening and closing lines are the shortest, and the final one stops on a heavy, one-syllable noun. After the long, rambling talk of the middle, "rust" arrives like a door shutting.

There is no rhyme to resolve anything. Instead there are quieter links, such as the hard "g" of "garden" and "government," and the "f" of "perfect fear." Both pairings set something living or cultivated next to something institutional or anxious, and they keep the poem moving even though it never settles.

Its significance lies in how much it fits into six lines without lecturing. It never names a crisis, a party or a disaster, so it can be read as a comment on ecological damage, political stagnation, economic restlessness, or all three at once. It treats the loud and the slow in the same breath, and it leaves the reader with a question, not an answer. What the poem asks us to notice is that the night has reason to be afraid, and that the one thing still working steadily is the rust.

Read also

More by Dave Bonta

All poems
ContemplativeDave Bonta

Plea bargain

I hear half a beat of drum to serve time have half a hope in the meantime praise God
DreamyDave Bonta

Cibola 3

I awake in the dark and shake free of sheets & blankets, of down-filled quilt. The rituals of waking– the long, hot shower, the coffee–give
ContemplativeDave Bonta

In good light

On a maple’s pale bark, a zigzag ladder—old tooth-marks from a wandering snail? Green islands of moss