The speaker is an evergreen, looking back at a sister who was a bare hazel twig. In winter the hazel lost everything and shivered, while the evergreen stayed thick and green, safe and admired. But the poem shows that being fortunate wasn't the same as being happy. The speaker admits to a "gnawing" feeling while watching her sister, "frail and free." She insists she doesn't hate her, and says that hate is what people gave the evergreens for looking grand and well-fed.
The mood is bitter, wry, and quietly sad. By the end, the tables have turned: the evergreens look "grotesque, forgotten, drained," while the hazel will soon welcome spring. The speaker laughs at the idea that her sister is "full," yet the laugh sounds hollow. The final line, wishing never to see green again, suggests she is weary of the very thing she once wore with pride. Judging by the imagery, the poem may also be about two sisters, not just two trees.