The Atomic Theory of Valentines — Poem analysis

Felix JungContemplative

We’re given paper, scissors, glue, as if these tools can make or mend our little hearts. Each February teaches us that red means love, despite the world’s request to stop, to see our anger like a film, to hear an ambulance’s shrill and piercing wail.

Democritus believed the world composed of atoms, tiny specks defining pleasure and unpleasantness. The sweetness of the honeycomb resides in atoms round and smooth; the other atoms, sharp, a- symmetrical, cause bitterness and pain.

When called to recreate that part of us we’re taught to give away, we turn to simple shapes: a triangle below a circle split in half. The heart we see is smooth, two curves to represent the lips, the breasts, a pair of shoulders bearing weight.

Yet when we try to merge the two into the singular, a line of vertebrae is drawn between the shoulder blades. All breasts, regardless of perfection, cease to rise and simply fall. The lips, when pulling back to bare our teeth, go dry, and crack.

Like water, love will fill whatever vessel we create. On paper, hearts are easy things to make, the danger being how we fashion out the end — the barb, the sting, that dagger point whose tip can penetrate our thick and lonely skin.

Show the whole poemHide the poem

Learn Poems app

Try the Learn Poems app

Everything from the website trainer, and more: new exercises, voice recording and sharing, reminders, quick review.

Paper, scissors, glue: Felix Jung opens in a classroom of crafts, then spends five stanzas showing how much trouble can be folded into a Valentine. The poem is about the gap between the heart as a symbol and the heart as something lived. A cut-out heart is smooth, red and easy to make. Love, the poem argues, is none of those things for long, and the symbol already knows it if you look closely at how it is built.

The first stanza is wary from the start. "As if" casts doubt on the idea that tools can "make or mend our little / hearts," and "little" sounds both childlike and slightly diminished. Then the sentence swerves. February teaches that "red means love," but the world asks us "to stop," to see anger "like a film," to hear "an ambulance's shrill and piercing wail." Judging by these images, red has other jobs: a warning, a haze of rage, an emergency. The colour of romance is also the colour of alarm.

The second stanza leaves the classroom for ancient philosophy. The poem reports Democritus's belief that the world is made of atoms, with sweetness coming from atoms "round / and smooth" and bitterness from sharp, "a- / symmetrical" ones. This is the poem's key. The line break slices "asymmetrical" in two, so the word is jagged on the page as well as in meaning. From here on, we can read every shape in the poem as sweet or sharp.

Stanza three gives us the sweet version. The heart is assembled like a geometry exercise, "a triangle below a circle / split in half," and it is "smooth," a word that echoes Democritus. The curves become lips, breasts and "a pair of shoulders bearing weight." That last phrase quietly brings in burden, even in the idealised picture.

The turn comes with "Yet." When the two halves merge "into / the singular," the cleft between them becomes "a line of vertebrae." We seem to be looking at the same body from behind, and desire gives way to something more physical and less flattering. Breasts "cease to rise / and simply fall," which could mean breath, age or both, and the poem leaves that open. The lips that once suggested kissing now pull back "to bare our teeth," recalling the anger of stanza one, and they "go dry, and crack." The hard *k* sounds of "crack" and the dry, clipped rhythm make the line feel brittle.

In the last stanza, love is "like water," taking the shape of "whatever vessel / we create." That puts the responsibility on us, and the poem's verbs of making ("make," "mend," "recreate," "fashion") begin to feel like accusations as well as instructions. The danger is not the curves but "the end," the point at the bottom of the heart, where three sharp words pile up: "the barb, / the sting, that dagger point." Like Democritus's jagged atoms, they cluster together, and they attack "our thick and lonely skin." That phrase is a small paradox: we are armoured enough to be lonely, yet still not armoured enough.

Formally, the poem is five unrhymed stanzas of six lines each, with lines hovering around ten syllables and no strict metre. The tidy blocks look like a neat craft project. The sentences, however, keep spilling over line endings ("our little / hearts," "we turn to / simple shapes"), so the syntax leaks past the borders the stanzas draw. The collective "we" gives the voice a classroom-teacher steadiness while implicating everyone.

The poem is significant because it avoids both sentimentality and sneering. It borrows an old scientific idea and uses it to read the most familiar shape in popular culture as a small theory of love: soft curves on top and a sharp point below. Once you have seen that point, it is hard to look at a Valentine in quite the same way.

Read also

More by Felix Jung

All poems
AnxiousFelix Jung

Arcade

The room is dark and hot with sweat. A girl is standing near a boy who’s cursing fire, his fingers groping as they slap and whirl about the buttons. Although his eyes are tired,