TO DO LIST — Poem analysis

mend my dancing shoes feed the bear a basket to Grandmother spindle, shuttle, needle plant the hazel twig take the goat to graze fetch water from the well strawberries in December the frog on my pillow so many mattresses bread to crumble a skull of fire to carry home

I must cut off my finger to open the mountain. I must find the key to the dungeon door. I must roll my stepsister to the front of the bed. I must mop the kitchen floor.

I must learn the nightingale’s song. I must learn to spin straw into gold. I must let my hair grow so long that my story will always be told.

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A to-do list is about the plainest kind of writing there is, which is why Mary F. C. Pratt's version is so strange. Its first item is mundane enough, "mend my dancing shoes", but by the third line a basket is going to Grandmother, and soon the speaker is handling a frog, a bear and "a skull of fire". The tasks are borrowed from fairy tales, and a reader with a good memory can sort them like a game. The basket suggests Little Red Riding Hood, the hazel twig Cinderella, the frog and the "many mattresses" the Frog Prince and the Princess and the Pea, the bread to crumble Hansel and Gretel, and the skull of fire the dangerous errands of Baba Yaga stories. The speaker is not one heroine but all of them at once. Her pronouns gather them up: "my" shoes, "my" pillow, "my" stepsister.

The first twelve lines have no punctuation, no capital letters and no rhyme. Each is a clipped fragment, and the grammar treats everything alike. "Fetch water from the well" sits beside "strawberries in December", an ordinary chore beside an impossible one. The effect is of a life in which magic is just more work. The frog on the pillow gets no more emotion than the bear that needs feeding. The list strips the stories of their wonder and shows what each girl actually had to do.

The second section turns the fragments into obligations, and the repeated "I must" gives them weight. The tone stays oddly level, even when the task is terrible: "I must cut off my finger to open the mountain." Sacrifice is reported as flatly as housework, and then housework arrives in the same tone: "I must mop the kitchen floor." The rhyme comes with it. "Door" and "floor" are the first rhyme in the poem, and it lands on a mop. The line about rolling her stepsister "to the front of the bed" is darkly funny. Judging by the wording, it suggests this heroine has some cunning of her own and is not simply a patient victim. Her virtue is partly strategy.

The last four lines change the verb. "Must" is followed by "learn" and "let", words of growth and permission. The rhythm also smooths out into a near-song, and for the first time the rhymes interlock fully: *song* answers *long*, and *gold* answers *told*. The poem's form grows tidier as it nears its ending, much as a fairy tale settles into its closing formula. The images in these lines are gifts and marvels: the nightingale's song, straw spun into gold, hair grown impossibly long. Each recalls an earlier trial (Rumpelstiltskin's bargain, Rapunzel's tower), but here the speaker chooses them as ambitions.

The final line gives the whole list a purpose: "that my story will always be told." Hair, thread and story share a vocabulary of length, spinning and weaving, and the poem seems to lean on that link. The long hair becomes a record of how long the speaker has endured, and spinning straw into gold becomes a figure for turning drudgery into narrative. It is also telling that she says "my story" at the end. Throughout the list she has been wearing other girls' tasks, and only now does she ask for a tale of her own.

The poem is significant for how much it does in so few lines. It takes heroines who are often remembered as passive or lucky and shows them as workers, enduring trials that are tedious, bloody and absurd in turn. It also suggests why these stories survive. They last because each generation of tellers repeats them, so "always be told" is a task that can never be ticked off. The list's last item is the one that keeps the others alive. Having begun with shoes and ended with immortality, the poem leaves the reader feeling that every well-worn fairy tale was once somebody's very long day.

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It grows, multiplies in the dark of its own accord like bugs: aphids appear out of nowhere on sunflower leaves and orange milkweed. Thousands of golden squash bug eggs,