Arethusa: The First Morning — Poem analysis

Around the curve where all of me that fountained Leans over, stretches out and is a stream, And loiters back the long, the round-about, The sweet, the earth-way back to sea again— At just that curve I woke. What is awakeness? Is it a thing? Does knowing mean I own it? Before this flash, I sleepwalked through my cycle: Sea, fountain, stream, then waterfall to sea, While never feeling how it feels to feel. I have no memories of what came before. Was I ever, ever anything but water? I have no memory except of quickness, A silver-sandy-gliding-cold delight. What brings this "life" that no one gets by taking? Who lives it? I ripple stronger yet less free: A wet awareness; a pulse of glass; a panting; A tear of longing on a cheek of loam. Life is one kind of death. Before my waking, I felt no dying. Alive, I die at every throb.

Is being alive just something to get used to, Or always startling, like hoofprints on my mirror? I fiercely sensed four petals; sensed a doe. Crossing me. Knee-deep within my foam. I need no eyes. What stream could mistranslate Such script of harmlessness, all trembling, trembling? Harmlessness has a touchable soul, a heart-beat, A tang of faltering and fear and fur. I splashed those moss-mild willowy shanks and knew her; Softer than snails and all my little stones; Warmer than fish or lilies; good to know. Soft warmth in my cool softness. Crossed and gone now. Two sisters, cycles tangent never again. We want to wait . . . because we want to wait. Or going, can't we go a while together? But soilward, seaward, each gropes graveward separately.

A kind of bouncing between clouds and clay: I'll wake out of awakeness into sleep, I'll sleep back through and out of sleep again,— All's back and forth. Slave-bound by back and forth. But once, right here, I'll twist beyond that cycle. One instant shimmering free of it, I am The graceful spray beneath the lace of sunlight, The glint of sparks upon the hinted spray,— Rainbowing out in careless cataract In the first morning's serpentine first fling, Laughing and splashing in the crazy air. Faster. I skid between the rocks like wind Between the leaves. I skim the rocks so lightly I now seem less a river than a breath. O! I have become a newness: a river of air. Or is this rapture nothing but a signal (How can I know yet, being so young awake?) That I have reached my final waterfall? I want to stop because I want to stop. Too late, too late. One blue waits here below, The other above. A million million toes Of dew creep up and stub against the stars, Up, up like centipedes on ladders of light. Sun helps them up, sea yields them up, the clouds Give back. Is this the end, or the beginning? Green-dreamy drifts and lulls below, goodbye; Intimate river-bed, joy of the realness of touching, Clinging to me you never will climb with me now. Now one last jump— I clear the rocks— I fall To rise. I think I'll find no hoofprints on the sky.

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Most poems about mortality begin with a human mind looking at nature. Viereck's "Arethusa: The First Morning" reverses the arrangement: the speaker is a stream, and the thing that happens to her is the first flicker of consciousness. The title points to the myth of Arethusa, the nymph turned into a spring, though the poem never retells the story. It takes the idea of a woman who is also water and asks what it would feel like to wake up inside that body for the very first time.

The central idea arrives early and is stated plainly: "Life is one kind of death." The stream has always cycled through "Sea, fountain, stream, then waterfall to sea," but only now does she feel it, and feeling changes everything. Before waking she "felt no dying"; afterwards, "Alive, I die at every throb." Awareness and mortality turn out to be a single gift. The poem is a meditation on what it costs to be conscious, and on whether the cost is worth paying.

The second stanza supplies the emotional centre. A doe wades through the stream, and the water, which needs "no eyes," knows her through touch alone: "a tang of faltering and fear and fur." Viereck gives the moment a lovely paradox when he writes that "harmlessness has a touchable soul." The encounter is brief, tender and permanent in its loss: "Two sisters, cycles tangent never again." Two lives touch at a single point, like circles, and then curve away toward their separate graves. The brief meeting becomes the poem's definition of what living is for.

Sound and rhythm carry much of the argument. The verse is unrhymed and loosely iambic, with long, winding sentences that mimic a stream's meander, then abrupt halts. Questions pile up ("What is awakeness? / Is it a thing?"), and compound words such as "silver-sandy-gliding-cold" pack sensation into a single rush, the way a fast current packs pebbles and light. Repetition works as a structural spine: "We want to wait . . . because we want to wait" returns later as "I want to stop because I want to stop." Both lines are circular logic, wanting without a reason, and they sound like what a creature might say when it clings to a feeling it cannot justify. The echo also shows how little the stream's situation has changed, even as her awareness has grown.

The final movement is a waterfall, and Viereck makes it the poem's boldest piece of imagery. The falling water becomes "the graceful spray beneath the lace of sunlight," then "a river of air," and finally part of an upward migration in which dew creeps "up and stub[s] against the stars, / Up, up like centipedes on ladders of light." The comic, slightly odd simile is typical of the poem's tone, which keeps rapture and playfulness alongside grief. The stream cannot tell whether this exhilaration marks "the end, or the beginning," and the poem lets that doubt stand.

The last line is an elegant piece of compression: "I fall / To rise." Falling and rising are made one motion, matching the water cycle that was a prison in stanza three ("Slave-bound by back and forth") and becomes, at the edge of the cliff, a kind of promise. The closing wish is quieter and more human: "I think I'll find no hoofprints on the sky." She hopes that what she loved will not be absent from where she is going, or perhaps accepts that it will be, and rises anyway.

What makes the poem memorable is its refusal to settle into either comfort or despair. It treats the cycle of nature, so often a consoling image, as something more unsettling: a pattern that feels merciful from outside and terrifying from within. By giving that inside view to a stream, Viereck lets us see the ordinary human fact of mortality at a slight angle, fresh, as if for the first morning.

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